Turn Signals: 9 Brutal Truths Every Driver Ignores in 2025
There’s a silent language on the road—one that’s as old as the automobile itself, but most drivers treat it like a punchline. Turn signals: blinking, bright, and often wildly ignored. Nearly half of all drivers don’t bother to use them when changing lanes, and one in four skips them altogether when turning, according to current data from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE, 2025). These numbers aren’t just statistics—they’re the daily reality behind near-misses, fender benders, and the bubbling road rage that simmers on every commute. It’s easy to write off turn signals as old-school tech in an era dominated by AI-driven safety features and vehicles that practically drive themselves. But the truth is, neglecting this basic act of courtesy and safety has never been more dangerous—or more misunderstood. This article peels back the layers, exposing nine brutal truths about turn signals in 2025 that most drivers would rather ignore. From hidden historical origins to the psychology of neglect, techno-failures, and the legal gray zones that let offenders skate by, you’re about to discover the real cost of being a “silent menace.” Strap in—this isn’t your standard lecture about blinkers.
The forgotten history: how turn signals shaped modern driving
From hand signals to high-tech: a timeline
The turn signal might seem as timeless as the steering wheel, but its history is a wild ride through invention, neglect, and relentless adaptation. Before blinking lights, drivers communicated with nothing but their arms—literally. In the early 1900s, before the traffic signal even existed, hand signals were the only way to show intent on the road. It was a physical, unmistakable gesture—but it relied on visibility, good weather, and a culture of mutual respect that often failed.
Let’s break down the evolution:
- 1907: Percy Douglas-Hamilton patents a mechanical, hand-shaped signal device mounted on the car—primitive, but revolutionary for its time.
- 1915: Florence Lawrence, an unsung Hollywood actress and gearhead, invents the “auto signaling arm”—a mechanical flag that swung out to indicate direction.
- 1920s–1930s: Electric signaling devices begin appearing in luxury cars, but are considered expensive add-ons rather than safety standards.
- 1940s: Flashing electric indicators become more common, especially in American cars, but adoption remains uneven.
- 1950s–1960s: Legislation spreads, making turn signals a legal requirement for new vehicles in most industrialized nations.
- 1980s–2000s: Integration with other safety systems (hazard lights, lane change indicators) becomes the norm.
- 2010s–2020s: The rise of smart signals, adaptive lighting, and now, AI-driven communication between vehicles.
Each milestone in this timeline reflects more than just technological progress—it illustrates society’s evolving understanding of risk, communication, and the endless tension between human behavior and mechanical solutions.
The innovators you never heard of
It’s a bitter irony: the two inventors who arguably did the most for signaling safety are virtually unknown outside niche automotive history circles. Percy Douglas-Hamilton’s 1907 patent for a hand-shaped device was a quirky, ingenious solution to a deadly problem. But it was Florence Lawrence—often dubbed “the first movie star”—who truly changed the game. Her “auto signaling arm” wasn’t just a technical marvel; it was an act of public service, long before road safety was a mainstream concern.
"Florence Lawrence’s invention aimed at saving lives, not at fame or profit. She was motivated by the chaos and danger of early motorways, where even a simple turn could be fatal." — Automotive historian, ClarkCountyToday, 2025
Despite their groundbreaking contributions, both inventors faded into obscurity—overshadowed by a car culture obsessed with horsepower and style. Their stories are a stark reminder: behind every safety feature is a human cost and a trail of overlooked visionaries.
Why history repeats: are we making the same mistakes?
We like to think we’ve outgrown the chaos of the Model T era, but data tells a different story. Even with modern legislation, advanced electronics, and public awareness campaigns, compliance rates for turn signal use remain embarrassingly low. According to SAE’s 2025 report, nearly 50% of drivers don’t signal when changing lanes, and enforcement is so lax in many jurisdictions that violations rarely make it onto police reports (SAE, 2025).
| Year | Signal Innovation | Compliance Rate | Major Barrier |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1915 | Mechanical arms/flags | ~30% | Limited adoption |
| 1950 | Electric flashers | ~60% | Cost, awareness |
| 2000 | Integrated signals | ~70% | Driver complacency |
| 2025 | Smart signals, AI | ~50% | Human behavior, tech failures |
Table 1: The cycle of innovation and resistance in turn signal history
Source: Original analysis based on ClarkCountyToday, 2025, SAE, 2025
As the table shows, every leap forward in technology has been matched by a stubborn undercurrent of human error and apathy. History doesn’t just repeat here—it taunts us.
Turn signals and the psychology of human behavior
Why do so many drivers refuse to signal?
Ignoring the turn signal isn’t just laziness—it’s a toxic cocktail of attitude, distraction, and subtle defiance. Recent research unpacks the motivations behind this everyday act of negligence:
- Impatience: Many drivers believe signaling will slow them down, inviting other motorists to “block” their intended maneuver.
- Distraction: From texts to infotainment screens, modern vehicles are mines of cognitive overload. The simple act of flicking a lever gets lost.
- Overconfidence: Some believe they can “read” traffic perfectly and that signaling is unnecessary if there’s no visible car behind.
- Social influence: In areas where neglect is common, ignoring signals becomes a normalized part of local driving culture.
- False sense of anonymity: The car interior creates a psychological barrier, encouraging behaviors drivers wouldn’t dare attempt face-to-face.
"Drivers believe they can get away with it, and the lack of enforcement only reinforces this risky habit." — Road safety analyst, Fox Business, 2025
These motivations aren’t unique to any one demographic. Old or young, urban or rural—if you drive, you’re vulnerable to the same psychological traps.
The silent war: signaling, aggression, and road rage
On paper, the turn signal is a peace offering—an unmistakable “here’s what I’m about to do.” In reality, its absence is often interpreted as a provocation. Failing to signal can trigger everything from honked horns to outright road rage incidents. According to DriveSafe Online, poor signaling is a top contributor to aggressive encounters on the road (DriveSafe Online, 2025).
In one recent survey, over 60% of drivers admitted feeling “personally insulted” when cut off without a signal. This emotional response isn’t just about etiquette—it’s about safety and trust. The moment a blinker is neglected, the social contract of the road is fractured. It’s no surprise that collisions and near-misses spike in environments where signal use is low, fueling a cycle of suspicion and hostility.
The unspoken conflict between “signalers” and “non-signalers” is a microcosm of broader tensions: trust versus cynicism, order versus chaos. Every blink—or lack thereof—is a statement about what we owe each other as drivers.
Cognitive overload and missed signals
It’s easy to blame selfishness, but the truth is more complicated. Modern vehicles bombard drivers with information: lane assist warnings, navigation prompts, streaming audio, even messages from AI co-pilots. Under these conditions, turn signal neglect is often a symptom of cognitive overload rather than intention.
- Cognitive overload: When the brain is processing too many stimuli, secondary tasks—like signaling—are the first to fall through the cracks.
- Automation complacency: Drivers become over-reliant on tech to “warn” or “correct” them, undermining personal responsibility.
- Signal fatigue: In dense urban areas, constant stop-and-go traffic can desensitize drivers to the point that signaling feels redundant.
Cognitive overload isn’t an excuse, but it is a warning. If the simple act of flicking a lever is too much, what else are we missing?
Turn signal tech: from bulbs to AI and beyond
How traditional turn signals actually work
Beneath the dashboard drama, turn signals are elegantly simple. The classic flasher system uses a thermal or electronic relay to pulse the bulbs—creating the familiar “tick-tock” sound. In modern cars, these systems are increasingly tied to digital modules, integrating with everything from daylight running lights to adaptive cruise control.
| Component | Function | Common Issues |
|---|---|---|
| Signal lever/switch | Initiates the circuit | Wear, mechanical failure |
| Flasher relay/module | Controls blinking rhythm | Relay burnout, software bugs |
| Bulbs/LEDs | Provide visual alert | Burnout, poor visibility |
| Wiring/connectors | Carries signal power | Corrosion, loose wires |
Table 2: Anatomy of a traditional turn signal system
Source: Original analysis based on JustAnswer, 2025, DriveSafe Online, 2025
The irony? As vehicles become more complex, the risk of undetected signal failures increases. A burnt-out bulb used to be obvious; a buggy module in a 2025 hybrid might go unnoticed for weeks.
Smart turn signals: promise and peril
The latest automotive wave is “smart” everything: adaptive headlights, lane-keeping assists, and turn signals integrated with vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks. These systems can automatically engage signals based on steering input or GPS-based predictions.
On paper, smart turn signals are a leap forward:
- Automatic activation: Signal when the vehicle senses a turn.
- Self-diagnostics: Alert drivers instantly when a bulb or module fails.
- Connected signaling: Communicate intentions to nearby vehicles or infrastructure.
But the reality is messier. According to Redorbit’s 2025 research, tech advances haven’t solved misuse—driver education remains a stubborn gap (Redorbit, 2025). Malfunctions, software glitches, and false positives can undermine trust. And when the system fails, most drivers are left clueless—unable to revert to manual operation or diagnose the issue.
- False sense of security: Drivers may assume the car “always signals for me.”
- Complex troubleshooting: Diagnosing a modern signal system requires technical know-how beyond most drivers’ reach.
- Costly repairs: Smart modules can be expensive to fix, deterring timely maintenance.
The promise of smart signaling is real—but so are the risks.
What’s next? V2V, automation, and the end of manual signaling
Even as tech giants race to automate every aspect of driving, the turn signal sits at an uneasy crossroads. Will it soon be obsolete, replaced by seamless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications and AI-driven intent prediction? Maybe. But in 2025, manual signaling is still the law, and the failures of automation are already on display.
Recent incidents involving self-driving prototypes highlight a new kind of danger: automated signals that activate at the wrong moment, or not at all. Human drivers, uncertain how to interpret AI-driven blinks, react unpredictably. It’s a feedback loop of confusion, raising real questions about liability and trust.
For now, the death of the manual turn signal is greatly exaggerated. Trust in automation remains fragile, and the system’s weakest link is still the human behind the wheel.
The global signaling divide: culture, law, and chaos
How turn signal laws differ worldwide
Think turn signals are a universal language? Think again. From enforcement to etiquette, the global patchwork of regulation creates confusion—and sometimes chaos.
| Country | Law on Signal Use | Typical Enforcement | Common Penalty |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | Mandatory, rarely enforced | Inconsistent | Warning/fine |
| UK | Mandatory, strictly enforced | Regular checks | Points, fine |
| Japan | Mandatory, high compliance | Frequent patrols | Fine, license points |
| India | Mandatory, low compliance | Rarely enforced | Small fine |
| Germany | Mandatory, moderate enforcement | Random checks | Fine |
Table 3: International differences in turn signal legislation
Source: Original analysis based on DriveSafe Online, 2025, Redorbit, 2025
Inconsistent enforcement breeds bad habits, while high penalties in some countries have fostered a culture of scrupulous compliance. But even in strict jurisdictions, under-the-radar infractions remain common.
Cultural signaling: unspoken rules in different countries
Beyond the letter of the law, signaling is shaped by culture. What’s acceptable in one country can be seen as reckless or rude in another.
- Germany: Failure to signal is seen as a serious social offense—expect annoyed drivers and possible police intervention.
- Italy: Rapid, ambiguous signaling is common; some drivers “flick” the signal at the last second as a mere formality.
- Japan: High courtesy—drivers often signal not just before a maneuver, but also to express thanks.
- United States: Attitudes vary state to state; in some places, signaling is almost optional, while urban areas see more compliance.
- Brazil: In heavy traffic, signals can be interpreted as a sign of weakness, inviting others to cut in.
Knowing the unspoken rules is as vital as understanding the law—and getting it wrong can turn a routine drive into a diplomatic incident.
Case study: when cities cracked down on signal neglect
Some cities have made signaling enforcement a priority, using a mix of public campaigns, increased fines, and police blitzes. The results have been mixed but instructive.
"Our crackdown led to a 30% reduction in intersection collisions within six months. But the real challenge was sustaining compliance after the spotlight faded." — City traffic commissioner, quoted in Redorbit, 2025
After the initial drop in violations, old habits crept back in. Without continued enforcement and education, even the best-intentioned reforms lose steam. The takeaway? Fixing signal neglect requires sustained cultural and institutional effort, not just a burst of tickets.
Turn signals and the economics of risk
The hidden costs of not signaling
Every time a driver fails to signal, it’s not just a matter of etiquette—it’s a roll of the dice with real economic fallout. Research from SAE shows that improper or absent signaling is responsible for an estimated 2 million accidents annually in the US alone, with billions lost in damages, medical costs, and productivity (Fox Business, 2025).
| Risk Factor | Estimated Annual Cost (US) | Source of Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Collision repair | $3.2 billion | Vehicle damage |
| Medical expenses | $2.8 billion | Injuries, rehab |
| Insurance premiums | $1.5 billion | Increased claims |
| Lost productivity | $1 billion | Missed work, delays |
Table 4: Economic impacts of turn signal neglect in the US
Source: Original analysis based on Fox Business, 2025
These numbers are conservative. The ripple effects—higher insurance for everyone, increased emergency response costs, and public infrastructure strain—make turn signal neglect a society-wide issue.
Insurance, liability, and legal gray zones
When it comes to insurance claims and liability, turn signals are a legal minefield. Most policies require “due care,” which includes signaling. But proving a lack of signal—and linking it to fault—can be maddeningly complex.
Insurers often:
- Deny claims when video evidence shows no signaling.
- Penalize repeat offenders with higher premiums.
- Assign partial blame in ambiguous cases, especially when both drivers failed to signal.
Definition list:
- Comparative negligence: A principle where both parties share blame based on their actions (or omissions), such as failing to signal.
- Dashcam evidence: Increasingly vital in disputes, providing objective proof of signaling—or lack thereof.
- No-fault states: Places where each driver’s insurance pays out regardless of fault, complicating the incentive to signal.
In the legal gray zones of blame and insurance, the simple act of signaling remains the best defense.
Who really pays? Societal impacts and system failures
The costs of neglect go beyond the checkbook. Emergency rooms, law enforcement, traffic congestion—society at large foots the bill. According to ClarkCountyToday, much of this cost is “hidden,” absorbed by taxpayers and communities who never see the receipts (ClarkCountyToday, 2025).
Every accident ripples outward: a delayed ambulance, a traffic jam, an overburdened insurance adjuster. The system absorbs the shock, but the cracks keep growing.
"Neglecting the turn signal isn’t just a personal risk—it’s a community burden that punishes everyone." — Editorial, ClarkCountyToday, 2025
These failures aren’t just statistical—they’re experienced one fender bender, one denied claim, one missed appointment at a time.
Debunking myths: what everyone gets wrong about turn signals
Top 5 myths that put you at risk
Ignorance isn’t just bliss—it’s dangerous. Here are the five most persistent myths about turn signals, debunked by current research:
- “I don’t need to signal if there’s no one around.” False. Pedestrians, cyclists, and unseen vehicles rely on your intent, not your assumptions.
- “The car always signals for me.” Not true. Automated systems can fail, and the law still requires manual confirmation.
- “Signaling too early is confusing.” Defensive driving guidelines recommend at least 100 feet before turning (Interaksyon, 2025).
- “Everyone in my area drives like this.” Dangerous normalization—the law and best practices don’t care about local bad habits.
- “It’s just a courtesy, not a safety issue.” Research consistently shows signaling reduces collision risk by clarifying intent (DriveSafe Online, 2025).
Believing these myths puts you—and everyone else—at risk every time you drive.
Fact vs. fiction: expert opinions
Experts are clear: there may be gray zones in the law, but there’s no ambiguity in the data. According to DriveSafe Online, “The most important safety feature on any vehicle isn’t the airbags or the lane assist—it’s the turn signal” (DriveSafe Online, 2025).
"It’s shocking how many drivers risk everything by not signaling. No technology can replace basic courtesy and communication." — Defensive driving instructor, DriveSafe Online, 2025
The facts don’t lie. The gap between perception and reality is not just wide—it’s hazardous.
Mastering the art: step-by-step signaling for 2025 and beyond
Step-by-step guide to flawless signaling
Ready to shift from “silent menace” to signaling pro? Here’s how, according to best practices verified by Interaksyon (2025):
- Check mirrors and blind spots. Awareness comes first—know your surroundings before committing.
- Engage the signal lever at least 100 feet (30 meters) before your turn or lane change. This gives other drivers time to react.
- Maintain your signal until the maneuver is complete. Pre-emptive signal cancellation confuses others.
- Double-check for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Their safety depends on your visibility.
- Cancel the signal promptly after the maneuver. Avoid misleading other road users.
Following these steps isn’t just about compliance—it’s about restoring trust and order to the chaos of daily driving.
Common mistakes and how to fix them
Even seasoned drivers get it wrong. Here’s what to watch for:
- Forgetting to signal when merging or exiting parking lots. Solution: Build the habit—signal every change of direction, no exceptions.
- Using signals too late or too briefly. Solution: Remember the 100-foot rule; give others ample warning.
- Relying solely on smart systems to engage signals. Solution: Always double-check and manually confirm activation.
- Inconsistent use in roundabouts or multi-lane roads. Solution: Signal on every exit and lane change, even if “no one is watching.”
- Neglecting turn signal maintenance. Solution: Regularly check bulbs, modules, and warning lights.
Perfection isn’t the goal—consistency is.
Checklist: are you a signaling pro or a silent menace?
- Do you signal every turn and lane change, even in empty lots?
- Do you check your mirrors and blind spots before engaging your signal?
- Do you signal at least 100 feet before changing direction?
- Do you keep your signal on through the entire maneuver?
- Do you promptly cancel your signal afterward?
- Do you verify your signals are functioning during regular vehicle checks?
- Do you avoid relying solely on automation?
- Do you educate others—friends, family, new drivers—about proper signaling?
- Do you adapt your signaling to local rules and customs when driving abroad?
If you answered “no” to any of these, it’s time for a reset.
When technology backfires: smart signal failures and how to survive them
Real-world breakdowns: when automation gets it wrong
Even the smartest systems are only as reliable as their code—and their users. Take the 2025 Honda Hybrid, for example. Drivers have reported issues where the turn signals blink continuously, defying both manual and automated inputs (JustAnswer, 2025). The result? Confused traffic, frustrated drivers, and safety compromised for everyone.
In another case, an adaptive signal system triggered without intent, causing nearby vehicles to brake or swerve unnecessarily. These glitches aren’t just inconvenient—they’re dangerous. As cars become rolling computers, the risk of software-based signal failures grows, and few drivers are prepared to diagnose or override these malfunctions.
When tech backfires, it’s not just about inconvenience—it’s about survival.
Quick fixes and long-term solutions
Don’t let automation lull you into complacency. Here’s how to handle smart signal failures:
- Stay alert for dashboard warning lights or error messages. Ignoring the warning is never worth the risk.
- Consult the manual or manufacturer’s support. Many issues can be resolved with a simple reset or software update.
- Use hand signals as a backup. In the event of total failure, revert to arm gestures to communicate intent.
- Schedule immediate repairs. Delaying fixes can lead to accidents and liability.
- Educate yourself on your vehicle’s specific signal system. Knowledge is prevention.
Long term, advocate for more transparent tech—systems that make failures clear and easy to fix.
How futurecar.ai helps you make smarter decisions
In a landscape crowded with tech and misinformation, platforms like futurecar.ai stand out by offering unbiased, AI-powered guidance on vehicle safety features and reliability. Whether you're comparing cars, checking for known signal system issues, or simply looking to up your signaling game, futurecar.ai provides the personalized insights needed to stay ahead. Informed decisions start with trusted expertise.
Turn signals in pop culture, media, and urban legends
From movies to memes: the signal’s place in our psyche
Turn signals have become cultural shorthand for everything from passive aggression to comic relief. Who hasn’t seen a film where a busted blinker sets off a comedic chain reaction, or a meme mocking that one stubborn driver who “never uses their signal”?
- Movies: From slapstick to thrillers, the “forgotten signal” is a recurring trope.
- Internet memes: Social media is flooded with jokes and GIFs lampooning signal neglect.
- Music: Lyrics and videos often use the signal as a metaphor for mixed signals in life and love.
The signal’s place in our shared psyche is proof: it’s more than just a traffic rule—it’s a symbol of communication, or its breakdown.
Urban legends: truth or fiction?
Stories circulate about drivers who were ticketed for “signaling too early,” or cars whose blinkers “never actually worked.” Most are exaggerated, but they reflect a deeper anxiety: the gap between rule and practice. In reality, enforcement focuses on egregious neglect, not over-cautious signaling. The persistent rumors, however, show how deeply the turn signal has infiltrated our collective imagination—equal parts cautionary tale and running joke.
Future forecast: the end of turn signals as we know them?
How AI and automation could erase manual signaling
With every leap in automation, there’s speculation about the turn signal’s extinction. Self-driving cars may one day “talk” to each other directly, making manual signaling redundant. But for now, the human element is irreplaceable, and the law remains clear: you, not your car, are responsible for communication.
As long as humans and machines share the road, the humble signal remains an essential bridge.
Will drivers ever trust the machines?
- Skepticism remains high: A majority of drivers express distrust in fully automated signaling systems.
- Transparency is key: Drivers want clear feedback when signals are engaged, not hidden automation.
- Education gap: Most don’t know how their car’s smart signals work—let alone how to fix them.
Trust will only grow with transparency, reliability, and widespread driver education.
What’s next for safety, privacy, and culture?
As the signaling landscape evolves, new battles emerge: privacy concerns over V2V data, culture clashes in globalized driving communities, and an ongoing arms race between technology and human error. What won’t change is the fundamental need for clear, honest communication on the road—a need as old as the first blinking light.
Safety, privacy, and culture will only remain in harmony if we resist complacency and keep questioning every “advance.”
Glossary: decoding turn signal jargon for 2025
Essential terms and what they really mean
- Turn signal/indicator: The lever-activated system on a car that flashes lights to communicate intent to turn or change lanes. Also called “blinker.”
- Flasher relay/module: The component that controls the on-off rhythm of the signal lights.
- V2V communication: Vehicle-to-vehicle data exchange, allowing cars to automatically “talk” to each other—including signaling intent.
- Signal stalk: The physical lever, usually mounted on the steering column, used to activate the signal.
- Adaptive lighting: Modern car lighting systems that adjust brightness and direction based on environment and driver input.
- Comparative negligence: Legal doctrine assigning blame proportionally when both parties share fault, such as neglecting to signal.
- Cognitive overload: Mental state caused by too many stimuli, increasing mistake risk—including failing to signal.
Understanding these terms isn’t just trivia—it’s your toolkit for navigating the complex, high-stakes world of automotive signaling.
The jargon may seem dense, but knowing it puts you ahead of the curve—and out of the crosshairs of confusion and blame.
Beyond signals: what else do drivers overlook?
Other overlooked safety features
Turn signals aren’t the only “invisible” lifesavers drivers ignore. Other features just as essential to safety—but equally neglected—include:
- Blind spot monitoring: Many ignore warning lights or fail to check the system’s functionality.
- Tire pressure sensors: Low pressure warnings often go unheeded, raising accident risk.
- Lane departure warnings: Overridden or ignored, especially by tech-skeptical drivers.
- Rear cross-traffic alerts: Dismissed as “annoying” chimes rather than potential lifesavers.
- Daytime running lights: Sometimes disabled for aesthetics, despite their proven safety value.
- Parking assist systems: Underutilized or misunderstood, leading to avoidable fender benders.
The lesson? Safety tech is only as good as the habits that support it.
How to stay ahead in the age of smart cars
- Read your owner’s manual—twice. Know every feature, not just the flashy ones.
- Schedule regular maintenance and system checks. Don’t wait for a breakdown.
- Stay informed about recalls and technical bulletins. Early action prevents headaches.
- Keep up with local laws and best practices. What’s legal in one city may be risky in another.
- Educate yourself and your family. Good habits are contagious—spread them.
Staying safe in 2025 requires a combination of tech savvy, personal responsibility, and relentless curiosity.
Conclusion
Turn signals: underestimated, misused, and the fulcrum on which road safety quietly balances. The data is damning—nearly 50% of drivers still neglect this most basic tool of communication, endangering themselves and everyone sharing the asphalt. From the forgotten inventors who gave us the first blinking lights, to the convoluted web of laws, tech, and culture that shape our habits today, the lessons are clear: signaling is not optional, not “just a courtesy,” but the clearest line between chaos and order on the road. Whether you’re driving a vintage sedan or the latest AI-powered hybrid, every flick of the signal lever is a statement about your respect for life—yours and everyone else’s. The next time you slip behind the wheel, remember: being seen and understood is not just your right, but your duty. For more research-backed advice on road safety and smart car choices, platforms like futurecar.ai are your best co-pilots in a world where every signal counts. Blink accordingly.
Find Your Perfect Car Today
Join thousands making smarter car buying decisions with AI